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Background  Kernel length is an important target trait in barley ( Hordeum vulgare  L.) breeding programs. However, the number of known quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling kernel length is limited. In the present study, we aimed to identify major QTLs for kernel length, as well as putative candidate genes that might influence kernel length in wild barley.    Results  A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from the barley cultivar Baudin ( H. vulgare  ssp.  vulgare ) and the long-kernel wild barley genotype Awcs276 ( H.vulgare  ssp.  spontaneum ) was evaluated at one location over three years. A high-density genetic linkage map was constructed using 1,832 genome-wide diversity array technology (DArT) markers, spanning a total of 927.07 cM with an average interval of approximately 0.49 cM. Two major QTLs for kernel length,  LEN-3H  and  LEN-4H , were detected across environments and further validated in a second RIL population derived from Fleet ( H. vulgare  ssp.  vulgare ) and Awcs276. In addition, a systematic search of public databases identified four candidate genes and four categories of proteins related to  LEN-3H  and  LEN-4H .    Conclusions  This study establishes a fundamental research platform for genomic studies and marker-assisted selection, since  LEN-3H  and  LEN-4H  could be used for accelerating progress in barley breeding programs that aim to improve kernel length.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12863-016-0438-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Mapping and validation of major quantitative trait loci for kernel length in wild barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum)