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Background  This study investigated whether polymorphisms of the ankyrin repeat and kinase domain containing 1 gene ( ANKK1 ), which is adjacent to the dopamine D2 receptor gene ( DRD2 ), and the dopamine transporter ( SLC6A3 ) and cytochrome P450 2A6 ( CYP2A6 ) genes influence smoking cessation and nicotine dependence in a Japanese population. In 96 current and former smokers, genotyping frequencies for the  ANKK1 / DRD2 Taq IA,  SLC6A3  VNTR, and  CYP2A6  polymorphisms were subjected to chi-square analysis, and regression analyses were used to determine the association of the genotypes of current smokers with a Heavy Smoking Index, in addition to evaluating the effect of the subjects’ smoking history on the association.    Results  Genotyping results suggested that nicotine dependence among current smokers homozygous for the  SLC6A3  10r allele was lower than that of smokers carrying the minor alleles, and that the  CYP2A6  polymorphism might mediate this association. Furthermore, the age at which current smokers began smoking might moderate the association between their genetic polymorphisms and nicotine dependence.    Conclusions  This study provides preliminary findings on the influence of genetic variants on the smoking phenotypes in a Japanese population.

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Genetic influence of dopamine receptor, dopamine transporter, and nicotine metabolism on smoking cessation and nicotine dependence in a Japanese population