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Background  Hypotrichia are a group with the most complex morphology and morphogenesis within the ciliated protists. The classification of  Gastrostyla -like species, a taxonomically difficult group of hypotrichs with a common ventral cirral pattern but various dorsal and ontogenetic patterns, is poorly understood. Hence, systematic relationships within this group and with other taxa in the subclass Hypotrichia remain unresolved.    Results  18S rRNA gene sequence of a new  Gastrostyla -like taxon was obtained. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 18S rRNA gene sequences indicate that this ciliate represents a new genus that is closely related to  Heterourosomoida  and  Kleinstyla  within the oxytrichid clade of the Hypotrichia. However, the position of this cluster remains unresolved. All three genera deviate from the typical oxytrichids by their incomplete (or lack of) dorsal kinety fragmentation during morphogenesis. Morphology and morphogenesis of this newly discovered form,  Heterogastrostyla salina  nov. gen., nov. spec., are described.  Heterogastrostyla  nov. gen., is characterised as follows: more than 18 fronto-ventral-transverse cirri, cirral anlagen V and VI develop pretransverse cirri, and dorsal ciliature in  Urosomoida -like pattern.    Conclusions  Similar to the CEUU-hypothesis about convergent evolution of urostylids and uroleptids, we speculate that the shared ventral cirral patterns of  Gastrostyla -like taxa might have resulted from convergent evolution.

bmc evolutionary biology

The insights into the systematic relationship of Gastrostyla-affinitive genera, with report on a new saline soil ciliate genus and new species (Protozoa, Ciliophora)