English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Background   Blumeria graminis  f. sp.  tritici  ( Bgt ), the causal agent of wheat powdery mildew severely affects yield security wheat production in China. Understanding the virulence structure and genetic variations of this pathogen is important for breeding wheat lines resistant to wheat powdery mildew. However, information related to genes controlling resistance remains elusive. This study analyzes the virulence structure and the genetic diversity of pathogenic  Bgt  populations isolated from northeastern (Liaoning, Heilongjiang) and northwestern (Gansu) China, two representative wheat producing areas, on 37 wheat cultivars each carrying a known powdery mildew resistance ( Pm ) gene.    Results   Bgt  isolates from northeastern China show higher frequencies of virulence genes than populations from Gansu Province. Many of the known  Pm  genes failed to provide resistance in this study. However,  Pm21  provided 100% resistance to all isolates from all three provinces, obtained during two consecutive years, while  Pm13  provided 100% resistance in Gansu.  Pm13 ,  Pm16 ,  Pm18 , and  Pm22  also showed partial resistance in northeastern China, while  Pm16 ,  Pm18 ,  Pm22 ,  Pm5 + 6  and  Pm2 + 6 + ? maintained some resistance in Gansu. Genetic diversity among populations in different regions was detected by cluster analyses using expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR). When the genetic similarity coefficient is relatively high, populations from the same regional origin are mostly clustered into one group while populations from different regions exhibit large genetic differences.    Conclusion   Pm21  remains the best choice for breeding programs to maintain resistance to  Bgt.  Only 58% of the isolates tested show a clear correlation between EST-SSR genetic polymorphisms and frequency of virulence gene data.

Virulence structure and its genetic diversity analyses of Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici isolates in China