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Background  HECT domain and ankyrin repeat containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (HACE1) regulates a wide variety of cellular processes. It has been shown that one of the targets of HACE1 is the GTP-bound form of the small GTPase Rac1. However, the role of HACE1 in early development remains unknown.    Results  In situ hybridization revealed that  Xenopus laevis hace1  is specifically expressed in the ectoderm at the blastula and gastrula stages and in the epidermis, branchial arch, kidney, and central nervous system at the tailbud stage. Knockdown of  hace1  in  Xenopus laevis  embryos via antisense morpholino oligonucleotides led to defects in body axis elongation, pigment formation, and eye formation at the tadpole stage. Experiments with Keller sandwich explants showed that  hace1  knockdown inhibited convergent extension, a morphogenetic movement known to be crucial for body axis elongation. In addition, time lapse imaging of whole embryos during the neurula stage indicated that  hace1  knockdown also delayed neural tube closure. The defects caused by  hace1  knockdown were partly rescued by knockdown of  rac1 . Moreover, embryos expressing a constitutively active form of Rac1 displayed phenotypes similar to those of embryos with  hace1  knocked down.    Conclusions  Our results suggest that  Xenopus laevis hace1  plays an important role in early embryonic development, possibly via regulation of Rac1 activity.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12861-016-0132-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

The E3 ubiquitin ligase Hace1 is required for early embryonic development in Xenopus laevis