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Background  Members of the Semaphorin 3 family (Sema3s) influence the development of the central nervous system, and some are implicated in regulating aspects of visual system development. However, we lack information about the timing of expression of the Sema3s with respect to different developmental epochs in the mammalian visual system. In this time-course study in the rat, we document for the first time changes in the expression of RNAs for the majority of Class 3 Semaphorins (Sema3s) and their receptor components during the development of the rat retina and superior colliculus (SC).    Results  During retinal development, transcript levels changed for all of the Sema3s examined, as well as  Nrp2 ,  Plxna2 ,  Plxna3 , and  Plxna4a . In the SC there were also changes in transcript levels for all Sema3s tested, as well as  Nrp1 ,  Nrp2 ,  Plxna1 ,  Plxna2 ,  Plxna3 , and  Plxna4a . These changes correlate with well-established epochs, and our data suggest that the Sema3s could influence retinal ganglion cell (RGC) apoptosis, patterning and connectivity in the maturing retina and SC, and perhaps guidance of RGC and cortical axons in the SC. Functionally we found that SEMA3A, SEMA3C, SEMA3E, and SEMA3F proteins collapsed purified postnatal day 1 RGC growth cones  in vitro . Significantly this is a developmental stage when RGCs are growing into and within the SC and are exposed to Sema3 ligands.    Conclusion  These new data describing the overall temporal regulation of Sema3 expression in the rat retina and SC provide a platform for further work characterising the functional impact of these proteins on the development and maturation of mammalian visual pathways.

Changes in expression of Class 3 Semaphorins and their receptors during development of the rat retina and superior colliculus