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Background  Eye pigmentation genes have been utilized as visible markers for constructing genetic control prototypes in several insect vectors of human disease. Here, orthologs of two ommochrome pathway genes,  kynurenine 3-hydroxylase  ( kmo ) and  cardinal , were investigated in  Plutella xylostella , a globally distributed, economically important pest of  Brassica  crops.    Results  Both somatic mosaic and germline mutations were efficiently created using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, and null mutant strains of  Pxkmo  and  Pxcardinal  were obtained. A frame-shift mutation in  Pxkmo  caused yellow compound eyes at adult stage while an in-frame mutation lacking two amino acids resulted in a hypomorphic red eye phenotypes. In contrast,  Pxcardinal -deficient moths with a frame-shift mutation exhibited yellow eye pigmentation in newly emerged adults which turned to red as the adults aged. Additionally, differences were observed in the coloration of larval ocelli, brains and testes in  Pxkmo  and  Pxcardinal  yellow-eye mutant lines.    Conclusions  Our work identifies the important roles of  Pxkmo  and  Pxcardinal  in  P. xylostella  eye pigmentation and provides tools for future genetic manipulation of this important crop pest.

Ommochrome pathway genes kynurenine 3-hydroxylase and cardinal participate in eye pigmentation in Plutella xylostella