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Background  Recently, some studies have focused on dendrimer nanopolymers as a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent or a vehicle for gene and drug delivery. Considering the suitable properties of these materials, they are appropriate candidates for coating iron-oxide nanoparticles which are applied in magnetic hyperthermia. To the best of our knowledge, the novelty of this study is the investigation of fourth-generation dendrimer-coated iron-oxide nanoparticles (G 4 @IONPs) in magnetic hyperthermia and MRI.    Methods  IONPs were synthesized via co-precipitation and coated with the fourth generation (G 4 ) of polyamidoamine dendrimer. The cytotoxicity of G 4 @IONPs with different concentrations was assessed in a human breast cancer cell line (MCF 7 ) and human fibroblast cell line (HDF 1 ). Hemolysis and stability of G 4 @IONPs were investigated, and in addition, the interaction of these particles with MCF 7  cells was assessed by Prussian blue staining. Heat generation and specific absorption rate (SAR) were calculated from measurement and simulation results at 200 and 300 kHz. MCF 7  and HDF 1  cells were incubated with G 4 @IONPs for 2 h and then put into the magnetic coil for 120 min. Relaxometry experiments were performed with different concentrations of G 4 @IONPs with T1- and T2-weighted MR images.    Results  The TEM results showed that G 4 @IONPs were 10 ± 4 nm. The in vitro toxicity assessments showed that synthesized nanoparticles had low toxicity. The viability of MCF 7  cells incubated with G 4 @IONPs decreased significantly after magnetic hyperthermia. In addition, MR imaging revealed that G 4 @IONPs improved transverse relaxivity (r2) significantly.    Conclusions  Our results encouraged the future application of G4@IONPs in magnetic hyperthermia and MR imaging.

Magnetic hyperthermia of breast cancer cells and MRI relaxometry with dendrimer-coated iron-oxide nanoparticles