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The present study aimed to determine the influence of estradiol (E 2 ) and the interaction with circadian phases on thermoregulatory responses to mild heat in female rats. Heat loss and production during 3-h exposure to the environment at an ambient temperature of 28–34 °C were assessed by measuring abdominal temperature ( T abd ), tail skin temperature, and oxygen consumption in ovariectomized rats with and without E 2 replacement (OVX + E 2 and OVX, respectively) and in control rats in the proestrus (P) and diestrus (D) phases. In the light phase, T abd remained unchanged in all groups. T abd increased in the dark phase, but was lower in the OVX + E 2 and P groups than in the OVX and D groups. Oxygen consumption decreased at 34 °C, but to a lesser extent in the OVX + E 2 group than in the OVX group. These results suggest that E 2 activates thermoregulation in mild heat in the dark phase.

Influence of exogenous and endogenous estrogen on thermoregulatory responses to mild heat and the interaction with light and dark phases