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Background  Heat stress is a major environmental factor that could induce premature leaf senescence in plants. So far, a few rice premature senescent leaf mutants have been reported to involve in heat tolerance.    Findings  We identified a  premature senescence leaf 50  ( psl50 ) mutant that exhibited a higher heat susceptibility with decreased survival rate, over-accumulated hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) content and increased cell death under heat stress compared with the wild-type. The causal gene  PREMATURE SENESCENCE LEAF 50  ( PSL50 ) was isolated by using initial map-based resequencing (IMBR) approach, and we found that  PSL50  promoted heat tolerance probably by acting as a modulator of H 2 O 2  signaling in response to heat stress in rice ( Oryza sativa  L.).    Conclusions   PSL50  negatively regulates heat-induced premature leaf senescence in rice.    Supplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12284-021-00493-w.

PREMATURE SENESCENCE LEAF 50 Promotes Heat Stress Tolerance in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)