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Background  Plant cell walls are the main physical barrier encountered by pathogens colonizing plant tissues. Alteration of cell wall integrity (CWI) can activate specific defenses by impairing proteins involved in cell wall biosynthesis, degradation and remodeling, or cell wall damage due to biotic or abiotic stress. Polygalacturonase (PG) depolymerize pectin by hydrolysis, thereby altering pectin composition and structures and activating cell wall defense. Although many studies of CWI have been reported, the mechanism of how PGs regulate cell wall immune response is not well understood.    Results  Necrosis appeared in leaf tips at the tillering stage, finally resulting in 3–5 cm of dark brown necrotic tissue.  ltn-212  showed obvious cell death and accumulation of H 2 O 2  in leaf tips. The defense responses were activated in  ltn-212  to resist bacterial blight pathogen of rice. Map based cloning revealed that a single base substitution (G-A) in the first intron caused incorrect splicing of  OsPG1 , resulting in a necrotic phenotype.  OsPG1  is constitutively expressed in all organs, and the wild-type phenotype was restored in complementation individuals and knockout of wild-type lines resulted in necrosis as in  ltn-212 . Transmission electron microscopy showed that thicknesses of cell walls were significantly reduced and cell size and shape were significantly diminished in  ltn-212 .    Conclusion  These results demonstrate that  OsPG1  encodes a PG in response to the leaf tip necrosis phenotype of  ltn-212.  Loss-of-function mutation of  ltn-212  destroyed CWI, resulting in spontaneous cell death and an auto-activated defense response including reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst and pathogenesis-related (PR) gene expression, as well as enhanced resistance to  Xanthomonas oryzae  pv . oryzae  ( Xoo ). These findings promote our understanding of the CWI mediated defense response.    Supplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12284-021-00478-9.

OsPG1 Encodes a Polygalacturonase that Determines Cell Wall Architecture and Affects Resistance to Bacterial Blight Pathogen in Rice