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Lesion mimic mutants spontaneously produce disease spots in the absence of biotic or abiotic stresses. Analyzing lesion mimic mutants’ sheds light on the mechanisms underlying programmed cell death and defense-related responses in plants. Here, we isolated and characterized the rice ( Oryza sativa )  spotted leaf 36  ( spl36 ) mutant, which was identified from an ethyl methanesulfonate-mutagenized  japonica  cultivar Yundao population.  spl36  displayed spontaneous cell death and enhanced resistance to rice bacterial pathogens. Gene expression analysis suggested that  spl36  functions in the disease response by upregulating the expression of defense-related genes. Physiological and biochemical experiments indicated that more cell death occurred in  spl36  than the wild type and that plant growth and development were affected in this mutant. We isolated  SPL36  by map-based cloning. A single base substitution was detected in  spl36 , which results in a cysteine-to-arginine substitution in  SPL36 .  SPL36  is predicted to encode a receptor-like protein kinase containing leucine-rich domains that may be involved in stress responses in rice.  spl36  was more sensitive to salt stress than the wild type, suggesting that  SPL36  also negatively regulates the salt-stress response. These findings suggest that  SPL36  regulates the disease resistance response in rice by affecting the expression of defense- and stress-related genes.   Supplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12284-021-00475-y.

SPL36 Encodes a Receptor-like Protein Kinase that Regulates Programmed Cell Death and Defense Responses in Rice