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Heading date is an important agronomic trait of rice ( Oryza sativa  L.) and is regulated by numerous genes, some of which exhibit functional divergence in a genetic background-dependent manner. Here, we identified a  late heading date 7  ( lhd7 ) mutant that flowered later than wild-type Zhonghua 11 (ZH11) under natural long-day (NLD) conditions. Map-based cloning facilitated by the MutMap strategy revealed that  LHD7  was on the same locus as  OsPRR37  but exhibited a novel function as a promoter of heading date. A single-nucleotide mutation of G-to-A in the coding region caused a substitution of aspartic acid for glycine at site 159 within the pseudo-receiver (PR) domain of OsPRR37. Transcriptional analysis revealed that  OsPRR37  suppressed  Ghd7  expression in both ZH11 background under NLD conditions and the Zhenshan 97 background under natural short-day conditions. Consistently, the expression of  Ehd1 ,  Hd3a  and  RFT1  was enhanced by  OsPRR37  in the ZH11 background. Genetic analysis indicated that the promotion of heading date and reduction in grain yield by  OsPRR37  were partially dependent on  Ghd7 . Further investigation showed that the alternative function of  OsPRR37  required an intact Ghd7-related regulatory pathway involving not only its upstream regulators  OsGI  and  PhyB  but also its interacting partner Hd1. Our study revealed the distinct role of  OsPRR37  in the ZH11 background, which provides a more comprehensive understanding of  OsPRR37  function and enriches the theoretical bases for improvement of rice heading date in the future.   Supplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12284-021-00464-1.

rice

OsPRR37 Alternatively Promotes Heading Date Through Suppressing the Expression of Ghd7 in the Japonica Variety Zhonghua 11 under Natural Long-Day Conditions