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Background  Amino acids, which are transported by amino acid transporters, are the major forms of organic nitrogen utilized by higher plants. Among the 19 Amino Acid Permease transporters (AAPs) in rice, only a small number of these genes have been reported to influence rice growth and development. However, whether other OsAAPs are responsible for rice growth and development is unclear.    Results  In this study, we demonstrate that  OsAAP4  promoter sequences are divergent between  Indica  and  Japonica , with higher expression in the former, which produces more tillers and higher grain yield than does  Japonica . Overexpression of two different splicing variants of  OsAAP4  in  Japonica  ZH11 significantly increased rice tillering and grain yield as result of enhancing the neutral amino acid concentrations of Val, Pro, Thr and Leu.  OsAAP4  RNA interference (RNAi) and mutant lines displayed opposite trends compared with overexpresing (OE) lines. In addition, exogenous Val or Pro at 0.5 mM significantly promoted the bud outgrowth of lines overexpressing an  OsAAP4a  splicing variant compared with ZH11, and exogenous Val or Pro at 2.0 mM significantly enhanced the bud outgrowth of lines overexpressing splicing variant  OsAAP4b  compared with ZH11. Of note, the results of a protoplast amino acid-uptake assay showed that Val or Pro at different concentrations was specifically transported and accumulated in these overexpressing lines. Transcriptome analysis further demonstrated that OsAAP4 may affect nitrogen transport and metabolism, and auxin, cytokinin signaling in regulating rice tillering.    Conclusion  Our results suggested that  OsAAP4  contributes to rice tiller and grain yield by regulating neutral amino acid allocation through two different splicing variants and that  OsAAP4  might have potential applications in rice breeding.    Supplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12284-020-00446-9.

rice

The Amino Acid Transporter OsAAP4 Contributes to Rice Tillering and Grain Yield by Regulating Neutral Amino Acid Allocation through Two Splicing Variants