English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Background  Stomata in rice control a number of physiological processes by regulating gas and water exchange between the atmosphere and plant tissues. The impact of the structural diversity of these micropores on its conductance level is an important area to explore before introducing stomatal traits into any breeding program in order to increase photosynthesis and crop yield. Therefore, an intensive measurement of structural components of stomatal complex (SC) of twenty three  Oryza  species spanning the primary, secondary and tertiary gene pools of rice has been conducted.    Results  Extensive diversity was found in stomatal number and size in different  Oryza  species and  Oryza  complexes. Interestingly, the dynamics of stomatal traits in  Oryza  family varies differently within different  Oryza  genetic complexes. Example, the Sativa complex exhibits the greatest diversity in stomatal number, while the Officinalis complex is more diverse for its stomatal size. Combining the structural information with the  Oryza  phylogeny revealed that speciation has tended towards increasing stomatal density rather than stomatal size in rice family. Thus, the most recent species (i.e. the domesticated rice) eventually has developed smaller yet numerous stomata. Along with this, speciation has also resulted in a steady increase in stomatal conductance (anatomical,  g  max ) in different  Oryza  species. These two results unambiguously prove that increasing stomatal number (which results in stomatal size reduction) has increased the stomatal conductance in rice. Correlations of structural traits with the anatomical conductance, leaf carbon isotope discrimination (∆ 13 C) and major leaf morphological and anatomical traits provide strong supports to untangle the ever mysterious dependencies of these traits in rice. The result displayed an expected negative correlation in the number and size of stomata; and positive correlations among the stomatal length, width and area with guard cell length, width on both abaxial and adaxial leaf surfaces. In addition,  g  max  is found to be positively correlated with stomatal number and guard cell length. The ∆ 13 C values of rice species showed a positive correlation with stomatal number, which suggest an increased water loss with increased stomatal number. Interestingly, in contrast, the ∆ 13 C consistently shows a negative relationship with stomatal and guard cell size, which suggests that the water loss is less when the stomata are larger. Therefore, we hypothesize that increasing stomatal size, instead of numbers, is a better approach for breeding programs in order to minimize the water loss through stomata in rice.    Conclusion  Current paper generates useful data on stomatal profile of wild rice that is hitherto unknown for the rice science community. It has been proved here that the speciation has resulted in an increased stomatal number accompanied by size reduction during  Oryza ’s evolutionary course; this has resulted in an increased  g  max  but reduced water use efficiency. Although may not be the sole driver of water use efficiency in rice, our data suggests that stomata are a potential target for modifying the currently low water use efficiency in domesticated rice. It is proposed that  Oryza barthii  can be used in traditional breeding programs in enhancing the stomatal size of elite rice cultivars.

Natural Diversity in Stomatal Features of Cultivated and Wild Oryza Species