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Background   FPF1  ( flowering-promoting factor 1 ) is one of the important family involved in the genetic control of flowering time in plant. Until now, limited knowledge concerning  FPF1  family in rice has been understood.    Results  As a homologue of  AtFPF1 ,  FPF1-like protein 4  of rice ( OsFPFL4 ) is expressed in various tissues of plants. The functions of  OsFPFL4  in rice were investigated by the reverse genetics approaches. Plants overexpressing  OsFPFL4  have shorter primary root, more lateral roots and adventitious roots than wild type; however, RNA interference (RNAi) of  OsFPFL4  significantly inhibits the growth of root system, and also delays the flowering time in rice. Interestingly, increased or repressed expression of  OsFPFL4  leads to shrunken anthers and abnormal pollen grains. It is well recognized that auxin plays important roles in plant root and flower development, and the root elongation is also regulated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis. Here, our results show that rice plants overexpressing  OsFPFL4  accumulate more auxin in the shoot and root, whereas RNAi lines have less auxin than wild type. As expected, the transcript levels of genes responsible for auxin biosynthesis and polar transport are altered in these  OsFPFL4  transgenic plants. As to ROS, slightly higher ROS levels were detected in overexpression root and inflorescence than the counterparts of wild type; however, the ROS levels were significantly increased in the RNAi lines, due to increased expression of ROS-producers and reduced expression of ROS-scavengers.    Conclusion  Our results reveal that  OsFPFL4  is involved in modulating the root and flower development by affecting auxin and ROS homeostasis in rice plants.  OsFPFL4  controls auxin accumulation via affecting auxin biosynthesis and transport, and also modulates ROS homeostasis by balancing ROS producing and scavenging. Thus, auxin-mediated ROS production might play a role in regulating redox status, which controls plant root and flower development.

OsFPFL4 is Involved in the Root and Flower Development by Affecting Auxin Levels and ROS Accumulation in Rice (Oryza sativa)