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Background  The endosperm of rice ( Oryza sativa ) has been usually used for the study of starch synthesis. Although several related factors have been revealed, other unknown members remain to be identified, given that starch synthesis is a complicated and sophisticated process.    Results  Here, we identified and characterized a new rice seed mutant,  floury endosperm14  ( flo14 ), which showed chalked endosperm and seed-lethal phenotypes. Map-based cloning indicated  FLO14  encodes a novel P-family PPR protein which contains ten PPR motifs. Afterwards the gene was named  OsNPPR3 . Subcellular localization showed OsNPPR3 was targeted to nucleolus. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that  OsNPPR3  was universally expressed in various tissues, with pronounced levels during rice endosperm development. Molecular analysis further suggested that  OsNPPR3  was involved in the regulation of expression levels and splicing of a few genes in mitochondria.    Conclusion  The study demonstrates that the nucleolus-localized PPR protein is responsible for the  flo14  mutant phenotypes through affecting nuclear and mitochondrial gene expression and splicing.

Lose-of-Function of a Rice Nucleolus-Localized Pentatricopeptide Repeat Protein Is Responsible for the floury endosperm14 Mutant Phenotypes