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Polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins (PGIPs) have been shown to recognize fungal polygalacturonases (PGs), which initiate innate immunity in various plant species. Notably, the connection between rice OsPGIPs and PGs in  Xanthomonas oryzae  pv.  oryzicola  ( Xoc ), which causes bacterial leaf streak (BLS), remains unclear. Here, we show that  OsPGIP1  was strongly induced after inoculating rice with the  Xoc  strain RS105. Furthermore,  OsPGIP1 -overexpressing (OV) and RNA interference (RNAi) rice lines increased and decreased, respectively, the resistance of rice to RS105, indicating that  OsPGIP1  contributes to BLS resistance. Subsequently, we generated the unique PG mutant RS105Δpg, the virulence of which is attenuated compared to that of RS105. Surprisingly, the lesion lengths caused by RS105Δpg were similar to those caused by RS105 in the OV lines compared with wild-type ZH11 with reduced  Xoc  susceptibility. However, the lesion lengths caused by RS105Δpg were still significantly shorter in the OV lines than in ZH11, implying that  OsPGIP1 -mediated BLS resistance could respond to other virulence factors in addition to PGs. To explore the  OsPGIP1 -mediated resistance, RNA-seq analysis were performed and showed that many plant cell wall-associated genes and several MYB transcription factor genes were specifically expressed or more highly induced in the OV lines compared to ZH11 postinoculation with RS105. Consistent with the expression of the differentially expressed genes, the OV plants accumulated a higher content of jasmonic acid (JA) than ZH11 postinoculation with RS105, suggesting that the  OsPGIP1 -mediated resistance to BLS is mainly dependent on the plant cell wall-associated immunity and the JA signaling pathway.

OsPGIP1-Mediated Resistance to Bacterial Leaf Streak in Rice is Beyond Responsive to the Polygalacturonase of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola