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Background  The heterotrimeric G protein β subunit RGB1 plays an important role in plant growth and development. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of rice growth by RGB1 remain elusive.    Results  Here, the  rgb1  mutants  rgb1–1  (+ 1 bp),  rgb1–2  (− 1 bp), and  rgb1–3  (− 11 bp) were isolated using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, and they were arrested at 1 day after germination and ultimately exhibited seedling lethality. The dynamic anatomical characteristics of the embryos of the  rgb1  seedlings and WT during early postgermination and according to TUNEL assays showed that the suppressed growth of the  rgb1  mutants was caused by cell death. In addition to the limited shoot and root development, the development of the embryo shoot-root axis was suppressed in the  rgb1  mutants.  RGB1  was expressed mainly in the root epidermal and vascular tissues of the embryo. Moreover, transcript profiling analysis revealed that the expression of a large number of auxin-, cytokinin-, and brassinosteroid-inducible genes was upregulated or downregulated in the  rgb1  mutant compared to the wild type during seedling development.    Conclusions  Overall, the  rgb1  mutants provide an ideal material for exploring the molecular mechanism underlying rice seedling formation during early postgermination development by G proteins.    Significance statement  The heterotrimeric G protein β subunit RGB1 acts as a crucial factor in promoting early postgermination seedling development in rice.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12284-019-0313-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

The heterotrimeric G protein β subunit RGB1 is required for seedling formation in rice