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Background  The MADS-box transcription factors mainly function in floral organ organogenesis and identity specification. Few research on their roles in vegetative growth has been reported.    Results  Here we investigated the functions of  OsMADS57  in plant vegetative growth in rice ( Oryza sativa ). Knockdown of  OsMADS57  reduced the plant height, internode elongation and panicle exsertion in rice plants. Further study showed that the cell length was remarkably reduced in the uppermost internode in  OsMADS57  knockdown plants at maturity. Moreover,  OsMADS57  knockdown plants were more sensitive to gibberellic acid (GA 3 ), and contained less bioactive GA 3  than wild-type plants, which implied that  OsMADS57  is involved in gibberellin (GA) pathway. Expectedly, the transcript levels of  OsGA2ox3 , encoding GAs deactivated enzyme, were significantly enhanced in  OsMADS57  knockdown plants. The level of  EUI1  transcripts involved in GA deactivation was also increased in  OsMADS57  knockdown plants. More importantly, dual-luciferase reporter assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that OsMADS57 directly regulates the transcription of  OsGA2ox3  as well as  EUI1  through binding to the CArG-box motifs in their promoter regions. In addition, OsMADS57 also modulated the expression of multiple genes involved in GA metabolism or GA signaling pathway, indicating the key and complex regulatory role of OsMADS57 in GA pathway in rice.    Conclusions  These results indicated that OsMADS57 acts as an important transcriptional regulator that regulates stem elongation and panicle exsertion in rice via GA-mediated regulatory pathway.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12284-019-0298-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Rice transcription factor OsMADS57 regulates plant height by modulating gibberellin catabolism