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Background  The calcineurin B-like protein (CBL) and CBL-interacting protein kinase (CIPK) signaling system plays a key regulatory role in plant stress signaling. The roles of plant-specific CIPKs, essential for CBL-CIPK functions, in the response to various abiotic stresses have been extensively studied so far. However, until now, the possible roles of the  CIPKs  in the plant response to heavy metal toxicities are largely unknown.    Results  In this study, we used bioinformatic and molecular strategies to isolate 12  HsCIPK  genes in Tibetan Plateau annual wild barley ( Hordeum spontaneum  C. Koch) and subsequently identified their functional roles in the response to heavy metal toxicities. The results showed that multiple  HsCIPKs  were transcriptionally regulated by heavy metal toxicities (e.g., Hg, Cd, Cr, Pb, and Cu) and other abiotic stresses (e.g., salt, drought, aluminum, low and high temperature, and abscisic acid). Furthermore, the ectopic overexpression of each  HsCIPK  in rice ( Oryza sativa  L. cv Nipponbare) showed that transgenic plants of multiple  HsCIPKs  displayed enhanced tolerance of root growth to heavy metal toxicities (Hg, Cd, Cr, and Cu), salt and drought stresses. These results suggest that  HsCIPKs  are involved in the response to heavy metal toxicities and other abiotic stresses.    Conclusions  Tibetan Plateau annual wild barley  HsCIPKs  possess broad applications in genetically engineering of rice with tolerance to heavy metal toxicities and other abiotic stresses.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12284-018-0242-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

rice

Overexpression of the Tibetan Plateau annual wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum) HsCIPKs enhances rice tolerance to heavy metal toxicities and other abiotic stresses