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Background  Plastid ribosomal proteins (PRPs) play important roles in the translation of key proteins involved in chloroplast development and photosynthesis. PRPs have been widely studied in many plant species; however, few studies have investigated their roles in rice.    Result  In the present study, we used ethyl methane sulfonate mutagenesis and obtained a novel rice mutant called  white green leaf 2  ( wgl2 ). The  wgl2  mutants exhibited an albino phenotype from germination through the three-leaf stage, and then gradually transitioned to green through the later developmental stages. Consistent with this albino phenotype,  wgl2  mutants had abnormal chloroplasts and lower levels of photosynthetic pigments. Map-based cloning and DNA sequencing analyses of  wgl2  revealed a single-nucleotide substitution (G to T) in the first exon of LOC_Os03g55930, which resulted in a substitution of glycine 92 to valine (G92 V).  WGL2  encodes a conserved ribosomal protein, which localizes to the chloroplast. Complementation and targeted deletion experiments confirmed that the point mutation in  WGL2  is responsible for the  wgl2  mutant phenotype.  WGL2  is preferentially expressed in the leaf, and mutating  WGL2  led to obvious changes in the expression of genes related to chlorophyll biosynthesis, photosynthesis, chloroplast development, and ribosome development compared with wild-type.    Conclusions   WGL2  encodes a conserved ribosomal protein, which localizes to the chloroplast.  WGL2  is essential for early chloroplast development in rice. These results facilitate research that will further uncover the molecular mechanism of chloroplast development.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12284-018-0233-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

The rice white green leaf 2 gene causes defects in chloroplast development and affects the plastid ribosomal protein S9