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Background  The small heat shock proteins represent a large family of proteins that respond to a wide range of abiotic and biotic stresses. OsHsp18.0-CI confers tolerance to salt and cadmium and interacts with viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). However, the direct function of OsHsp18.0-CI in resistance against biotic stresses remains unclear in rice.    Results  Here, we report that the expression of  OsHsp18.0-CI  was up-regulated upon inoculation with RS105, a strain of  Xanthomonas oryzae  pv.  oryzicola  ( Xoc ) that causes bacterial leaf streak in rice. In comparison with wild-type,  OsHsp18.0-CI  overexpression (OE) lines exhibited enhanced resistance to RS105, whereas repression lines exhibited compromised resistance to RS105. In addition, the transcriptional profiles of wild type and OE lines were compared with and without inoculation with RS105. After inoculation with RS105, most of the genes with up-regulated expression were commonly stimulated in the wild type and OE lines, with stronger induction in the OE lines than in wild type.    Conclusion  Our study reveals that  OsHsp18.0-CI  positively regulates resistance to  Xoc  by mediating an enhanced version of the basal defense response in rice.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12284-017-0153-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Overexpression of OsHSP18.0-CI Enhances Resistance to Bacterial Leaf Streak in Rice