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Background  Vacuolar processing enzymes (VPEs) are cysteine proteinases that act as crucial mediators of programmed cell death (PCD) in plants. In rice, however, the role of VPEs in abiotic stress-induced PCD remains largely unknown. In this study, we generated  OsVPE3  overexpression and suppression transgenic lines to elucidate the function of this gene in rice.    Results  Survival rate and chlorophyll retention analyses showed that suppression of  OsVPE3  clearly enhanced salt stress tolerance in transgenic rice compared with wild type. Furthermore, fragmentation of genomic DNA was inhibited in plants with down-regulated  OsVPE3 . Vital staining studies indicated that vacuole rupture occurred prior to plasma membrane collapse during salt-induced PCD. Notably, overexpression of  OsVPE3  promoted vacuole rupture, whereas suppression of  OsVPE3  attenuated or delayed the disintegration of vacuolar membranes. Moreover, we found that suppression of  OsVPE3  caused decreased leaf width and guard cell length in rice.    Conclusions  Taken together, these results indicated that suppression of  OsVPE3  enhances salt tolerance by attenuating vacuole rupture during PCD. Therefore, we concluded that  OsVPE3  plays a crucial role in vacuole-mediated PCD and in stomatal development in rice.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12284-016-0138-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Suppression of OsVPE3 Enhances Salt Tolerance by Attenuating Vacuole Rupture during Programmed Cell Death and Affects Stomata Development in Rice