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Background  Plant WRKY transcription factors play pivotal roles in diverse biological processes but most notably in plant defense response to pathogens. Sheath blight represents one of the predominant diseases in rice. However, our knowledge about the functions of WRKY proteins in rice defense against sheath blight is rather limited.    Results  Here we demonstrate that the expression of  Oryza sativa WRKY80  gene ( OsWRKY80 ) is rapidly and strongly induced upon infection of  Rhizoctonia solani , the causal agent of rice sheath blight disease.  OsWRKY80  expression is also induced by exogenous jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ET), but not by salicylic acid (SA). OsWRKY80-GFP is localized in the nuclei of onion epidermal cells in a transient expression assay. Consistently, OsWRKY80 exhibits transcriptional activation activity in a GAL4 assay in yeast cells. Overexpression of  OsWRKY80  in rice plants significantly enhanced disease resistance to  R. solani , concomitant with elevated expression of  OsWRKY4 , another positive regulator in rice defense against  R. solani . Suppression of  OsWRKY80  by RNA interference (RNAi), on the other hand, compromised disease resistance to  R. solani . Results of yeast one-hybrid assay and transient expression assay in tobacco cells have revealed that OsWRKY80 specifically binds to the promoter regions of  OsWRKY4 , which contain W-box (TTGAC[C/T]) or W-box like (TGAC[C/T])  cis -elements.    Conclusions  We propose that OsWRKY80 functions upstream of OsWRKY4 as an important positive regulatory circuit that is implicated in rice defense response to sheath blight pathogen  R. solani .    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12284-016-0137-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

OsWRKY80-OsWRKY4 Module as a Positive Regulatory Circuit in Rice Resistance Against Rhizoctonia solani