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Background  Rice leaves are important energy source for the whole plant. An optimal structure will be beneficial for rice leaves to capture light energy and exchange gas, thus increasing the yield of rice. Moderate leaf rolling and relatively erect plant architecture may contribute to high yield of rice, but the relevant molecular mechanism remains unclear.    Results  In this study, we identified and characterized a rolling and erect leaf mutant in rice and named it as  rel2 . Histological analysis showed that the  rel2  mutant has increased number of bulliform cells and reduced size of middle bulliform cells. We firstly mapped  REL2  to a 35-kb physical region of chromosome 10 by map-based cloning strategy. Further analysis revealed that  REL2  encodes a protein containing DUF630 and DUF632 domains. In  rel2  mutant, the mutation of two nucleotide substitutions in DUF630 domain led to the loss-of-function of  REL2  locus and the function of  REL2  could be confirmed by complementary expression of  REL2  in  rel2  mutant. Further studies showed that REL2 protein is mainly distributed along the plasma membrane of cells and the  REL2  gene is relatively higher expressed in younger leaves of rice. The results from quantitative RT-PCR analysis indicated that  REL2  functioning in the leaf shape formation might have functional linkage with many genes associated with the bulliform cells development, auxin synthesis and transport, etc.    Conclusions  REL2 is the DUF domains contained protein which involves in the control of leaf rolling in rice. It is the plasma membrane localization and its functions in the control of leaf morphology might involve in multiple biological processes such as bulliform cell development and auxin synthesis and transport.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12284-016-0105-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

REL2, A Gene Encoding An Unknown Function Protein which Contains DUF630 and DUF632 Domains Controls Leaf Rolling in Rice