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Background  Rice mutant,  spl5  ( spotted leaf 5 ), has spontaneous hypersensitive-like lesions on its leaves and shows enhanced resistance to pathogens, indicating that  SPL5  plays a role in programmed cell death (PCD) and disease resistance. To understand the molecular mechanism of  SPL5  gene, we investigated the transcriptome profiles of the  spl5  mutant leaves with few lesions (FL) and leaves with many lesions (ML) compared to the wild-type (WT) leaves respectively by microarray.    Results  The data from microarray revealed that 243 and 896 candidate genes (Fold change ≥ 3.0) were up- or down-regulated in the  spl5 -FL and  spl5 -ML, respectively, and a large number of these genes involved in biotic defense responses or reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism. Interestingly, according to our microarray and real-time PCR assays, the expressions of a transcription factor  OsWRKY14  and genes responsible for the biosynthesis of serotonin, anthranilate synthase ( AS ), indole-3-glycerolphosphate synthase ( IGPS ), tryptophan synthase ( TS ) and tryptophan decarboxylase ( TDC ) were significantly up-regulated in the  spl5  mutant. It has been reported previously that  TS  and  TDC  expressions are regulated by  OsWRKY14  in rice, which raises the possibility that  OsWRKY14  regulates serotonin production through the up-regulation of  TS  and  TDC . Our HPLC analysis further confirmed that serotonin levels were higher in the leaves of  spl5  mutant than that in WT.    Conclusions  Since the serotonin plays a critical role in inducing disease-resistance, the increased serotonin level may contribute, at least partly, to the disease resistance in  spl5 . The  SPL5  gene may act as a negative regulatory factor activating the serotonin metabolic pathway, and these results might provide a new insight into the  spl5 -induced defense response mechanisms in plants.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12284-015-0052-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Transcriptome profiling of the spl5 mutant reveals that SPL5 has a negative role in the biosynthesis of serotonin for rice disease resistance