English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Background  Plant-parasitic nematodes developed strategies to invade and colonize their host plants, including expression of immune suppressors to overcome host defenses.  Meloidogyne graminicola  and  M. incognita  are root-knot nematode (RKN) species reported to damage rice ( Oryza sativa  L.) cultivated in upland and irrigated systems. Despite  M. incognita  wide host range, study of the molecular plant - RKN interaction has been so far limited to a few dicotyledonous model plants. The aim of this study was to investigate if the rice cv. Nipponbare widely used in rice genomic studies could be used as a suitable monocotyledon host plant for studying  M. incognita  pathogenicity mechanisms. Here we compared the ability of  M. graminicola  and  M. incognita  to develop and reproduce in Nipponbare roots. Next, we tested if RKNs modulates rice immunity-related genes expression in galls during infection and express the  Mi-crt  gene encoding an immune suppressor.    Results  Root galling, mature females, eggs and newly formed J2s nematodes were obtained for both species in rice cultivated in hydroponic culture system after 4-5 weeks.  Meloidogyne graminicola  reproduced at higher rates than  M. incognita  on Nipponbare and the timing of infection was shorter. In contrast, the infection characteristics compared by histological analysis were similar for both nematode species. Giant cells formed from 2 days after infection (DAI) with  M. graminicola  and from 6 DAI with  M. incognita . Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) data indicated that RKNs are able to suppress transcription of immune regulators genes, such as  OsEDS1 ,  OsPAD4  and  OsWRKY13  in young galls. Four  M. incognita  reference genes ( Mi-eif-3 ,  Mi-GDP-2 ,  Mi-Y45F10D.4 , and  Mi-actin ) were selected for normalizing nematode gene expression studies  in planta  and in pre-parasitic J2s.  Meloidogyne incognita  expressed the immune suppressor calreticulin gene ( Mi-crt ) in rice roots all along its infection cycle.    Conclusion  RKNs repress the transcription of key immune regulators in rice, likely in order to lower basal defence in newly-formed galls. The calreticulin Mi-CRT can be one of the immune-modulator effectors secreted by  M. incognita  in rice root tissues. Together, these data show that rice is a well suited model system to study host-  M. incognita  molecular interactions in monocotyledons.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12284-014-0023-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Meloidogyne incognita - rice (Oryza sativa) interaction: a new model system to study plant-root-knot nematode interactions in monocotyledons