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Background  Obesity is characterized by low-grade chronic inflammation and an excess of adipose tissue. The  ASC  gene encodes a protein that is part of the NLRP3 inflammasome, a cytosolic multiprotein complex that is associated with inflammation and metabolic alterations. To our knowledge, there is no evidence regarding  ASC  gene activity in obese adults in response to lifestyle modifications.    Purpose  To evaluate the effect of hypocaloric diet and moderate-intensity structured exercise intervention on  ASC  gene expression and inflammatory markers in obese adults.    Methods  Thirty-seven obese individuals aged 25 to 50 years were randomized to the hypocaloric diet exercise group or hypocaloric diet group. The participants underwent a 4-month follow-up. Electrical bioimpedance was used for body composition analysis. Biochemical data were analyzed by dry chemistry and insulin levels by ELISA.  ASC  gene expression from peripheral blood was performed using real-time PCR. Dietary data was collected through questionnaires and analyzed using the Nutritionist Pro™ software. Quantification of cytokines was conducted using Bio-Plex Pro™ Human cytokine. The Astrand-Ryhming test was used to estimate the maximum oxygen volume and design the moderate-intensity structured exercise program ~ 75% heart rate (HR)    Results  After the intervention, both study groups significantly improved body composition (decreased weight, fat mass, waist circumference and abdominal obesity,  p  < 0.05). Besides, the diet-exercise group significantly decreased  ASC  mRNA expression, MCP-1, and MIP-1β inflammatory cytokines compared to the diet group ( p  < 0.05). While in the diet group, MCP-1 and IL-8 exhibited significantly decreased levels ( p  < 0.05). In the diet-exercise group, a positive correlation between the atherogenic index and waist circumference was found ( r  = 0.822,  p  = 0.011), and a negative correlation was observed between the delta of  ASC  mRNA expression and IL-10 levels at the end of the intervention ( r  = − 0.627,  p  = 0.019).    Conclusion  Low-grade chronic inflammation was attenuated through individualized exercise prescription and our findings highlight the role of the  ASC  gene in the inflammation of obese adults.    Trial registration   ClinicalTrials.gov , number  NCT04315376 . Registered 20 March 2020—retrospectively registered

genes and nutrition

Low-grade chronic inflammation is attenuated by exercise training in obese adults through down-regulation of ASC gene in peripheral blood: a pilot study