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Background  The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of gastric infusion of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) on gut barrier function in a pig model. In this study, 21 DLY barrows with an average initial body weight of (8.31 ± 0.72) kg were randomly allotted into three treatments: (1) control, (2) infusing low SCFA, S1, (3) infusing high SCFA, S2. The experimental period lasted for 7 days.    Results  Gastric infusion of SCFA increased the concentrations of SCFA in serum and digesta, and enhanced the mRNA and protein abundances of SCFA receptors in pig intestine ( P  < 0.05). Moreover, gastric infusion of SCFA led to alteration of intestinal morphology, elevation of intestinal development-related gene abundances, and decrease of apoptotic cell percentage, as well as reduction of pro-apoptosis gene and protein abundances ( P  < 0.05). Besides, the jejunal SLC 7 A 1  and ileal DMT1 mRNA abundances in the SCFA infusion groups were higher than those in the control group ( P  < 0.05). Additionally, gastric infusion of SCFA increased the mRNA abundances of Occludin and Claudin-1 in the duodenum and ileum, enhanced  Lactobacillus  spp counts in the ileal digesta, decreased the mRNA and protein abundances of IL-1β in the colon, and reduced  Escherichia coli  count in the ileal digesta ( P  < 0.05).    Conclusions  These data indicated that gastric infusion of SCFA, especially high SCFA concentration, may be beneficial to gut development of piglets via improving gut morphology, decreasing apoptotic cell percentage, and maintaining intestinal barrier function.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12263-019-0626-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Gastric infusion of short-chain fatty acids can improve intestinal barrier function in weaned piglets