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Background  Diet has a great impact on the risk of developing features of metabolic syndrome (MetS), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). We evaluated whether a long-term healthy Nordic diet (ND) can modify the expression of inflammation and lipid metabolism-related genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) during a 2-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in individuals with MetS.    Methods  A Nordic multicenter randomized dietary study included subjects ( n  = 213) with MetS, randomized to a ND group or a control diet (CD) group applying an isocaloric study protocol. In this sub-study, we included subjects ( n  = 89) from three Nordic centers: Kuopio ( n  = 26), Lund ( n  = 30), and Oulu ( n  = 33) with a maximum weight change of ±4 kg, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein concentration ≤10 mg L −1 , and baseline body mass index <39 kg m −2 . PBMCs were isolated, and the mRNA gene expression analysis was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). We analyzed the mRNA expression changes of 44 genes before and after a 2hOGTT at the beginning and the end of the intervention.    Results  The healthy ND significantly down-regulated the expression of toll-like receptor 4 ( TLR4 ), interleukin 18 ( IL18 ), and thrombospondin receptor ( CD36 ) mRNA transcripts and significantly up-regulated the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta ( PPARD ) mRNA transcript after the 2hOGTT compared to the CD.    Conclusions  A healthy ND is able to modify the gene expression in PBMCs after a 2hOGTT. However, more studies are needed to clarify the biological and clinical relevance of these findings.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12263-016-0521-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

genes and nutrition

Effects of a healthy Nordic diet on gene expression changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in response to an oral glucose tolerance test in subjects with metabolic syndrome: a SYSDIET sub-study