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Background  Hemoglobin concentration reportedly is positively associated with muscle strength, for example, handgrip strength. However, hemoglobin cannot repair muscle directly, but is beneficial only in a supportive role. Since hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) regulates muscle satellite cell production and differentiation, which is stimulated by organ injury, the supportive effect of hemoglobin should thus be stronger for participants with high HGF than for those with low HGF. However, the association between hemoglobin concentration and handgrip strength in relation to HGF levels remains unknown.    Methods  We conducted a cross-sectional study of 255 Japanese elderly men aged 60–69 years who participated in annual health check-ups in 2014–2015. The study population was categorized on the basis of a median value of HGF of 300.6 pg/mL.    Results  Among present study population, 128 participants showed low HGF. For participants with low HGF, hemoglobin concentration showed no significant association with handgrip strength (standardized parameter estimate ( β ) = 0.03,  p  = 0.767), but for those with high HGF, hemoglobin concentration was significantly positively associated with handgrip strength ( β  = 0.23,  p  = 0.014).    Conclusions  A significant positive association between hemoglobin level and handgrip strength was established for elderly Japanese men aged 60–69 years with high HGF but not for participants with low HGF. Our finding indicates that HGF levels could determine the relationship of hemoglobin concentration with handgrip strength in elderly Japanese men aged 60–69 years. This result can be expected to serve as an effective tool for the clarification of the roles played by HGF and hemoglobin concentration in maintenance of muscle strength.

environmental health and preventive medicine

Association of hemoglobin concentration with handgrip strength in relation to hepatocyte growth factor levels among elderly Japanese men aged 60–69 years: a cross-sectional study