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Combining anticancer drugs with inorganic nanocrystals to construct multifunctional hybrid nanostructures has become a powerful tool for cancer treatment and tumor suppression. However, it remains a critical challenge to synthesize compact, multifunctional nanostructures with improved functionality and reproducibility. In this study, we report the fabrication of magnetite hybrid nanostructures employing Fe 3 O 4  nanoparticles (NPs) to form multifunctional magnetite nanoclusters (NCs) by combining an oil-in-water microemulsion assembly and a layer-by-layer (LBL) method. The Fe 3 O 4  NCs were firstly prepared via a microemulsion self-assembly technique. Then, polyelectrolyte layers composed of poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) and doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) were capped on Fe 3 O 4  NCs to construct the Fe 3 O 4  NC/PAH/PSS/DOX hybrid nanostructures via LBL method. The as-prepared hybrid nanostructures loaded with DOX demonstrated the pH-responsive drug release and higher cytotoxicity towards human lung cancer (A549) cells in vitro and can serve as  T  2 -weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents, which can significantly improve  T  2  relaxivity and lead to a better cellular MRI contrast effect. The loaded DOX emitting red signals under excitation with 490 nm are suitable for bioimaging applications. This work provides a novel strategy to build a Fe 3 O 4 -based multifunctional theranostic nanoplatform with  T  2 -weighted MRI, fluorescence imaging, and drug delivery.   Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s11671-019-3026-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Fabrication of Hybrid Nanostructures Based on Fe3O4 Nanoclusters as Theranostic Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Drug Delivery