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The effects of using different counter electrode metal sulfides on the performances of solar cells made with CdS/CdSe/ZnS quantum dots co-sensitized onto hierarchical TiO 2  spheres (HTSs) used as photo-electrode are reported. The HTS in the QDSSCs is composed of an assembly of numerous TiO 2  spheres made by the solvolthermal method. The photoelectrical performance of HTS/CdS/CdSe/ZnS coupled to CuS or to Cu 2 ZnSn(S 1 −  x  Se  x  ) 4  with  x  = 0, 0.5, or 1.0 counter electrodes (CEs) were compared to those coupled to Pt CE. The HTS/CdS/CdSe/ZnS coupled to the CuS CE showed the highest power conversion efficiency  η  (of 3.46%). The efficiencies  η  of 1.88, 2.64, and 2.06% were obtained for CZTS ( x  = 0), CZTS 0.5 Se 0.5  ( x  = 0.5), and CZTSe ( x  = 1), respectively. These are significantly higher than those using a standard Pt CE ( η  = 0.37%). These higher efficiencies are the results of the higher electrocatalytic activities when the metal sulfide CEs are used.

nanoscale research letters

The Study of Metal Sulfide as Efficient Counter Electrodes on the Performances of CdS/CdSe/ZnS-co-sensitized Hierarchical TiO2 Sphere Quantum Dot Solar Cells