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We report the efficiency enhancement in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) using Er 3+ /Yb 3+ -co-doped Y 2 O 3  (i.e., Y 2 O 3 :Er 3+ /Yb 3+ ) phosphor nanoparticles, prepared by a simple and cost-effective urea-based homogeneous precipitation method, for efficient near-infrared (NIR) sunlight harvesting. Under the light excitation at a wavelength of 980 nm, the as-prepared samples exhibited strong upconversion emissions at green and red visible wavelengths. To investigate the influence of Y 2 O 3 :Er 3+ /Yb 3+  nanoparticles on the photovoltaic performance of DSSCs, the phosphor nanoparticles were incorporated into titanium dioxide films to form a composite photoelectrode. For the resulting DSSCs, the increased power conversion efficiency ( PCE ) of 6.68 % was obtained mainly by the increased photocurrent of  J  SC  = 13.68 mA/cm 2  due to the light harvesting enhancement via the NIR-to-visible upconversion process (cf.,  PCE  = 5.94 %,  J  SC  = 12.74 mA/cm 2  for the reference DSSCs without phosphor nanoparticles), thus, indicating the  PCE  increment ratio of ~12.4 %.

nanoscale research letters

Enhanced Photovoltaic Performance of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells by Efficient Near-Infrared Sunlight Harvesting using Upconverting Y2O3:Er3+/Yb3+ Phosphor Nanoparticles