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SrTiO 3  nanoislands on SrTiO 3  (001) in a  diffusion-limited growth  regime were studied using  in situ  scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The STM images revealed two characteristic features of nucleation stages. First, the minimum lateral size of the one-unit-cell ( uc )-high SrTiO 3  islands was 4 × 4  uc  2 . Second, one-dimensional SrTiO 3  islands of a 4  uc  width grew along the crystal symmetry directions. These observations suggest that 4 × 4- uc  2  islands act as a minimum nucleation seed, and the addition of SrTiO 3  molecular species of the same width is the primary and dominant growth process in SrTiO 3  homoepitaxy. A close inspection of the surface of the substrate during the deposition process revealed possible connections between surface reconstruction and energetically favorable nucleation of SrTiO 3  islands.

Nucleation and growth of primary nanostructures in SrTiO3 homoepitaxy