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Background miR-152-3p functions as a tumour suppressor in the progression of hepatic tumorigenesis. Herein, we further discussed the prognostic significance and immune infiltration of miR-152-3p and its potential gene target in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Integrative Molecular Database of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCCDB), Human Protein Atlas (HPA) and Kaplan–Meier Plotter databases were used to evaluate miR-152-3p and roundabout guidance receptor 1 ( ROBO1 ) expression, prognosis and immune infiltration. In vitro cell experiments, including cell proliferation and apoptosis, were evaluated using Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK8) and terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labelling (TUNEL) assays. Results Up-regulation of  ROBO1  functioned as an oncogene associated with poor prognosis, immune cell enrichment and cell proliferation in HCC.  ROBO1  was significantly positively correlated with the enrichment of multiple immune cells and their biomarkers. Enrichment of type-2 T-helper (Th2) cells is an unfavourable biomarker of HCC prognosis. GSEA revealed that  ROBO1  correlated with apoptosis, mitosis and carcinogenic signalling pathways. Suppression of cell proliferation and the enhancement of cell apoptosis by miR-152-3p mimics were counteracted by overexpression of  ROBO1  in HCC cells. Conclusion ROBO1  expression is positively correlated with multiple immune checkpoint molecules, suggesting that  ROBO1  may be a potential drug target to enhance the potency of immunotherapy. The miR-152-3p/ ROBO1  signalling axis contributes to malignant progression and provides a prospective immunotherapeutic target for HCC.

miR-152-3p impedes the malignant phenotypes of hepatocellular carcinoma by repressing roundabout guidance receptor 1