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Background  Precision medicine may offer new strategies to treat migraine, and access to existing large cohorts may be a key resource to increase statistical power. Treatment response data is not routinely collected for large cohorts; however, such information could be extracted from pharmacy databases. Using a clinical migraine sample with treatment effect data, we assessed whether treatment response can be predicted based on the number of drug purchases.    Methods  A clinical cohort including 1913 migraineurs were interviewed using a semi-structured interview to retrieve treatment response data for acute and prophylactic migraine drugs. The purchase history was obtained from the Danish national pharmacy database. We assessed whether number of purchases at different thresholds could predict the specificity and sensitivity of treatment response.    Results  Purchase history of drugs was significantly associated with treatment response. For triptan treatment the specificity and sensitivity were above 80% for individuals with at least ten purchases. For prophylactic treatment (beta-blockers, angiotensin II antagonists or antiepileptic) we observed a sensitivity and specificity above 80% and 50% for individuals purchasing any prophylactic drug at least four times. In the Danish pharmacy database, 73% of the migraine patients have purchased at least ten triptans, while 55–63% have purchased at least one of the four prophylactic drugs.    Conclusion  Pharmacy databases are a valid source for identification of treatment response. Specifically for migraine drugs, we conclude that ten purchases of triptans or four purchases of prophylactic drugs are sufficient to predict a positive treatment response. Precision medicine may be accelerated with the use of pharmacy databases.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s10194-019-0987-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Predicting treatment response using pharmacy register in migraine