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Background  Cluster headache (CH) is regarded as a chronobiological disorder. The hypothalamic biological clock may thus be involved in the pathophysiology, but few studies have actually investigated this in CH patients. A variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism of the  PER3  clock gene has been associated to preferred daily rhythm (chronotype) in several studies. We aimed to study the distribution of  PER3  VNTR polymorphisms and chronotypes in a CH population.    Methods  We used blood samples from a biobank of CH patients for genetic tests, and invited all tested patients to complete the Horne-Ostberg Morningness-eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), the Pittsburgh sleep quality Index (PSQI) and the Shift Work Index. Genotypes were compared to a previously tested population of 432 healthy students.    Results  One hundred forty nine patients were genotyped, and we found no difference in  PER3  VNTR polymorphisms between patients and controls. Seventy-four patients completed the MEQ (54 men, 20 women, mean age 52.3 years ± 13.4), and chronotypes were as follows: 12 % morning-, 37 % intermediate-, and 51 % evening types. Compared with a previous Danish study of CH patients and controls, there were no difference in chronotype distribution. Sixty percent of patients were defined as bad sleepers (PSQI >5), and 51 % of patients currently employed were shift workers.    Conclusions  No association between CH,  PER3  VNTR polymorphism and chronotype was found in this study.

Lack of association between cluster headache and PER3 clock gene polymorphism