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Background  The R620W variant in protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor 22 (PTPN22) is associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The  PTPN22  gene has alternatively spliced transcripts and at least two of the splice forms have been confirmed to encode different PTPN22 (LYP) proteins, but detailed information regarding expression of these is lacking, especially with regard to autoimmune diseases.    Methods  We have investigated the mRNA expression of known  PTPN22  splice forms with TaqMan real-time PCR in relation to  ZNF592  as an endogenous reference in peripheral blood cells from three independent cohorts with RA patients ( n  = 139) and controls ( n  = 111) of Caucasian origin. Polymorphisms in the  PTPN22  locus (25 SNPs) and phenotypic data (gender, disease activity, ACPA and RF status) were used for analysis. Additionally, we addressed possible effects of methotrexate treatment on  PTPN22  expression.    Results  We found consistent differences in the expression of the  PTPN22  splice forms in unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells between RA patients and normal controls. This difference was more pronounced when comparing the ratio of splice forms and was not affected by methotrexate treatment.    Conclusions  Our data show that RA patients and healthy controls have a shift in balance of expression of splice forms derived from the  PTPN22  gene. This balance seems not to be caused by treatment and may be of importance during immune response due to great structural differences in the encoded PTPN22 proteins.

The balance of expression of PTPN22 splice forms is significantly different in rheumatoid arthritis patients compared with controls