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In this paper we investigate the form and dynamics of shock acoustic waves (SAW) generated during the rocket Proton launching from the Baikonur cosmodrome in 1998 and 1999. In spite of the difference of geophysical conditions, the ionospheric response for all launchings has a period of about 300 s and the amplitude exceeding background fluctuations under quiet and moderate geomagnetic conditions by factors of 2 to 5 as a minimum. The angle of elevation of the SAW wave vector varies from 45◦ to 60◦, and the SAW phase velocity (900-1200 m/s) approaches the sound velocity at heights of the ionospheric F region maximum. The position of the SAW source, inferred by neglecting refraction corrections, corresponds to the segment of the rockets path at a distance no less than 700-900 km from the launch pad, which is consistent with the estimated delay time of SAW source triggering (250-300 s). A large number of publications (Arendt, 1971; Karlov et al., 1980; Mendillo, 1981, 1982; Noble, 1990, etc.) are de- voted to the study of the ionospheric response of the shock wave produced during launchings of powerful rockets. Sci- entific interest in this problem is due to the fact that such launchings can be regarded as active experiments in the Earth's atmosphere, and they can be used in solving a wide variety of problems in the physics of the ionosphere and radio wave propagation. These investigations have also im- portant practical implications since they furnish a means of substantiating reliable signal indications of technogenic ef- fects (among them, unauthorized), which is necessary for the construction of an effective global radiophysical subsystem for detection and localization of these effects. Published data on fundamental parameters of the shock acoustic waves (SAW) differ greatly. According to a review by Karlov et al. (1980), the oscillation period of the iono- spheric response of the SAW, recorded during launchings of the Apollo mission rockets, varied from 6 to 90 min, and the propagation velocity was in the range from 600 to 1670 m/s. There is an even greater uncertainty in the local- ization of the region of SAW generation, which is necessary both for an understanding of the physical mechanisms of the phenomenon, and for a scientific justification of the solution of applied problems. Published data are discussed in more detail in Section 5, by comparison with our results. The lack of comprehensive, reliable data on SAW parame- ters is due primarily to the limitations of existing experimen- tal methods and detection facilities. The main body of data was obtained by measuring the frequency Doppler shift at

The use of GPS arrays in detecting the ionospheric response during rocket launchings