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The purpose of this work was to establish and validate combined small animal positron emission tomography - computed tomography (PET/CT) as a new  in vivo  imaging method for visualisation and quantification of joint inflammation.    Methods  Signalling of radioisotope  18 F labelled Fluorodeoxyglucose ( 18 F-FDG) injected in mice with glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (G6PI)-induced arthritis was analysed by PET/CT. Accumulation of  18 F-FDG in tissue was quantified by PET measurement, whereas high definition CT delivered anatomical information. The fusion of both images revealed in detail spatial and temporal distribution and metabolism of  18 F-FDG.    Results  A distinct  18 F-FDG signal could be measured by PET in carpal and tarsal joints, from mice with early or established arthritis. In contrast, no accumulation of  18 F-FDG was detectable before arthritis onset. Comparison of  18 F-FDG joint uptake with histopathological evaluation revealed a significant correlation of both methods.    Conclusions  Small animal PET/CT using  18 F-FDG is a feasible method for monitoring and, more importantly, quantitative assessment of inflammation in G6PI-arthritis. Since it is possible to perform repeated non-invasive measurements  in vivo , not only numbers of animals in preclinical studies can markedly be reduced by this method, but also longitudinal studies come into reach, e. g. for individual flare-up reactions or monitoring therapy response in progressive arthritis.

In vivo molecular imaging of experimental joint inflammation by combined 18F-FDG positron emission tomography and computed tomography