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To attempt cost-effective production of US417 phytase in  Bacillus subtilis , we developed an efficient system for its large-scale production in the generally recognized as safe microorganism  B. subtilis  168. Hence, the  phy  US417 corresponding gene was cloned in the pMSP3535 vector, and for the first time for a plasmid carrying the pAMβ1 replication origin, multimeric forms of the resulting plasmid were used to transform naturally competent  B. subtilis  168 cells. Subsequently, a sequential optimization strategy based on Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken experimental designs was applied to enhance phytase production by the recombinant  Bacillus . The maximum phytase activity of 47 U ml -1  was reached in the presence of 12.5 g l -1  of yeast extract and 15 g l -1  of ammonium sulphate with shaking at 300 rpm. This is 73 fold higher than the activity produced by the native US417 strain before optimization. Characterization of the produced recombinant phytase has revealed that the enzyme exhibited improved thermostability compared to the wild type PHY US417 phytase strengthening its potential for application as feed supplement. Together, our findings strongly suggest that the strategy herein developed combining heterologous expression using a cloning vector carrying the pAMβ1 replication origin and experimental designs optimization can be generalized for recombinant proteins production in  Bacillus .

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Heterologous expression and optimization using experimental designs allowed highly efficient production of the PHY US417 phytase in Bacillus subtilis 168