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Every five years since 1990, the European moss surveys provide data on concentrations of heavy metals and since 2005 on nitrogen (N) in mosses. Germany participated in the monitoring campaigns 1990 – 2005. As part of a series reporting the trends for Germany and single federal states, this article is on North Rhine-Westphalia showing that the metal concentrations decreased from 1990 to 2000 for all elements but Zn. From 2000 to 2005 an increase can be stated for As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Sb, Zn and the Multi Metal Index MMI1990-2005. The N concentration reaches from 1.08 to 2,29% in dry mass showing significant correlations to the agriculture density (+), the height of the surrounding trees (+), the forests density (−), the distance to trees (−), altitude (−) and the precipitation sum for the accumulation period (−). The according correlation coefficients (Spearman) reach from rs 0.32 to 0.49 (p <0.01). The correlation of the metal loads in the mosses and land use characteristics in the vicinity of the sampling sites lie between rs = 0.21 and rs = 0.54 (0.01 <p <0.05). The type of moss species and the moss growth patterns are associated to a similar degree (Cramér´s V-values between 0.27 and 0.56). Of all investigated site specific information on forest density (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, N), urban density precipitation (Cd, Ni, Pb, V, N), altitude (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Ti, Zn, N) and the distance of the sampling site to roads (Cr, Fe, Ni, Ti), trees or bushes (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Zn) are those showing significant correlations to the elements enumerated in brackets before. The urban land use density in a radius of 5 km around the sampling site as well as altitude and the distance of the sampling site to nearby trees are the statistically most significant factors for the Cu concentrations in mosses sampled in 2005. The total deposition of Cd (EMEP) and Cd concentrations in mosses are correlated significantly (0.57 ≤ rs ≥0.71, p <0.01)

environmental sciences europe

Akkumulation von Metallen und Stickstoff in Moosen in Nordrhein-Westfalen 1990 – 2005 (Accumulation of metals and nitrogen in mosses in North Rhine-Westfalia 1990–2005)