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Background  Present study deals with the removal of Zn(II) ions from effluent using yeast biofilm formed on gravels.    Methods  The biofilm forming ability of  Candida rugosa  and  Cryptococcus laurentii  was evaluated using XTT (2,3-bis[2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl]-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide) reduction assay and monitored by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Copious amount of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) produced by yeast species was quantified and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR).    Results  Yeast biofilm formed on gravels by  C. rugosa  and C.  laurentii  showed 88% and 74.2% removal of Zn(II) ions respectively in batch mode. In column mode, removal of Zn(II) ions from real effluent was found to be 95.29% by  C. rugosa  biofilm formed on gravels.    Conclusion  The results of the present study showed that there is a scope to develop a cost effective method for the efficient removal of Zn(II) from effluent using gravels coated with yeast biofilm.

Removal of Zn(II) from electroplating effluent using yeast biofilm formed on gravels: batch and column studies