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Background Metformin has been shown to inhibit cell proliferation and induce cell death in many cancer cell lines. However, some cell lines exhibit resistance to the cytotoxic effects of metformin in tissue culture medium with high glucose levels (25 mM). Recent studies suggest when glucose is lowered; metformin becomes increasingly cytotoxic to cancer cells. However, the precise mechanism for metformin’s cancer cytotoxicity remains unidentified.

cancer and metabolism

Preventing feedback activation of glycolytic ATP production enhances metformin cytotoxicity in breast cancer cells when oxidative phosphorylation is inhibited