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Background  A leptin-like immunoreactive substance has been found in chicken eggs and has been implicated in serving as a maternal signal to program offspring growth and metabolism. In the present study, we investigated the effects of  in ovo  leptin administration on hatch weight, serum and hepatic concentrations of metabolites and hormones, as well as on the expression of genes involved in hepatic lipid metabolism and the predicted microRNAs (miRNAs) targeting the affected genes. To this end we injected fertile eggs with either 0.5 μg of recombinant murine leptin or vehicle (PBS) before incubation.    Results  Prenatally leptin-exposed chicks showed lower hatch weight, but higher liver weight relative to the body weight, compared to the control group.  In ovo  leptin treatment increased the hepatic content and serum concentration of leptin in newly hatched chickens. The hepatic contents of triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (Tch) were decreased, whereas the serum levels of TG, Tch and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) were increased. The hepatic mRNA expression of  sterol regulator element binding protein 1  ( SREBP-1c ),  SREBP-2 ,  hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase  ( HMGCR ) and  cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase 1  ( CYP7A1 ) was significantly up-regulated, as was the protein content of both SREBP-1c and SREBP-2 in hepatic nuclear extracts of leptin-treated chickens. Moreover, out of 12 miRNAs targeting  SREBP-1c  and/or  HMGCR , five were significantly up-regulated in liver of leptin-treated chicks, including  gga-miR-200b  and  gga-miR-429 , which target both  SREBP-1c  and  HMGCR .    Conclusions  These results suggest that leptin  in ovo  decreases hatch weight, and modifies hepatic leptin secretion and lipid metabolism in newly hatched broiler chickens, possibly via microRNA-mediated gene regulation.

In ovo leptin administration affects hepatic lipid metabolism and microRNA expression in newly hatched broiler chickens