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Cold-water immersion (CWI) elicits the cold shock response (CSR). The hyperventilatory component of the CSR causes a decrease in cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFv) potentially causing sensations of dizziness and increasing the risk of becoming unconscious and consequently drowning [1]. In these early minutes of CWI the current advice is to 'float first' and remain stationary [2] yet this strategy may not have any effect on ventilation and therefore brain CBFv. We tested the hypothesis that leg only exercise could offset the reduction in CBFv in a resting CWI (H1) and be absent in warm water immersion.

Brain blood flow and hyperventilation on cold water immersion: can treading water help control these symptoms of cold shock?