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Background  The human  TSPY  is the putative gene for the gonadoblastoma locus on the Y chromosome (GBY). Various molecular, pathological and transgenic mouse studies suggest that  TSPY  is a Y-located proto-oncogene contributing to the initiation/progression in human cancers, including germ cell tumors and various somatic cancers, such as prostate and liver cancer, and melanoma. The TgTSPY9 transgenic mouse line harbors a 8.2-kb human  TSPY  structural gene, which is tandemly integrated in the mouse Y chromosome, and expressed in a similar pattern as that of the endogenous gene in the human genome. This mouse model of human  TSPY  gene offers an opportunity to examine its behavior and potential contribution in various mouse models of human diseases, such as human cancers. We had investigated the expression of such  TSPY -transgene in the LADY mouse model of prostate cancer, harboring a SV40 T antigen gene directed by a rat probasin promoter; and compared the expression pattern with those of endogenous  TSPY  gene and biomarkers in human prostate cancer specimens.    Results  By introducing the Y-located  TSPY -transgene to the LADY mice, we had examined the expression pattern of the human  TSPY  during prostatic oncogenesis in this mouse model of prostate cancer. Our results showed that the  TSPY -transgene was activated in selected areas of the hypercellular stroma but not in the intraepithelial cells/neoplasia in the prostates of TgTSPY9/LADY mice. Using a specific biomarker, FOXA1, for epithelial cells, we demonstrated that TSPY-positive cells proliferated exclusively in the cancerous stroma in the LADY model at late stages of tumorigenesis. In contrast, in the human situation, TSPY was predominantly co-expressed with FOXA1 in the epithelial cells of PIN lesions and FOXA1 and another cancer biomarker, AMACR, in the adenocarcinoma cells in clinical prostate cancer samples of various degrees of malignancy.    Conclusions  Our data show that human  TSPY  could be abnormally activated during prostatic oncogenesis, and could possibly contribute to the heterogeneity of prostate cancer. The differential expression patterns of the human  TSPY  between the LADY mouse model and clinical prostate cancer suggest potential limitations of current mouse models for studies of either  TSPY  behavior in diseased conditions or prostate cancer development.

Expression of a Y-located human proto-oncogene TSPY in a transgenic mouse model of prostate cancer