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Background  The  Pax  transcription factor gene  eyegone  ( eyg ) participates in many developmental processes in  Drosophila , including the Notch signaling activated postembryonic growth of the eye primordium, global development of the adult head and the development of the antenna. In contrast to other  Pax  genes, the functional conservation of  eyg  in species other than  Drosophila  has not yet been explored.    Results  We investigated the role of  eyg  during the postembryonic development of the red flour beetle  Tribolium castaneum . Our results indicate conserved roles in antennal but not in eye development. Besides segmentation defects in the antenna,  Tribolium eyg  knockdown animals were characterized by eye enlargement due to the formation of surplus ommatidia at the central anterior edge of the compound eye. This effect resulted from the failure of the developing gena to locally repress retinal differentiation, which underlies the formation of the characteristic anterior notch in the  Tribolium  eye. Neither varying the induction time point of  eyg  knockdown nor knocking down components of the  Janus kinase / Signal Transducer and Activators of Transcription  signaling pathway in combination with  eyg  reduced eye size like in  Drosophila .    Conclusions  Taken together, expression and knockdown data suggest that  Tribolium eyg  serves as a competence factor that facilitates the repression of retinal differentiation in response to an unknown signal produced in the developing gena. At the comparative level, our findings reveal diverged roles of  eyg  associated with the evolution of different modes of postembryonic head development in endopterygote insects as well as diversified head morphologies in darkling beetles.

The Pax gene eyegone facilitates repression of eye development in Tribolium